Original Article

BONE MARROW STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, ELURU- ASRAM

Lalitha S M¹,Asha T²,Priyanka A A³

¹Final yearPostgraduate, Department of Pathology, ASRAM Medical College ² Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, ASRAM Medical College ³Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, ASRAM Medical College

Introduction

Bone marrow examination by aspiration & biopsy is simple, cost effective, outpatient procedure & complimentary to each other. Evaluation of hematological &non- haematological disorders, even after detailed clinical history, physical examination & peripheral blood analysis the diagnosis is cryptic & crucial. This study was conducted to evaluate bone marrow samples received at a tertiary care center in our hospital over a period of two years.

Methods:

A two year (June 2015 to July 2017) retrospective and prospective study of 112 patients. Clinical details and Institutional ethical clearance obtained. As per International council for standardization in hematology guidelines, all three modalities :Peripheral smear (PS), Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA), Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB), performed to diagnose hematological and non haematological disorders. The bone marrow examination done under local anesthesia by the conventional technique using Jamshidi needle from the posterior superior iliac crest. BMA was done for majority of the cases. BMB was done for all cases, including the cases where aspiration failed.

Exclusion criteria:

Patients with severe thrombocytopenia or functional platelet defects, Prolonged PTINR, Severe bleeding, Children below 3years of age.

Results:

From June 2015 to May 2017, 112 patients enrolled for the study.

Table.1 Age distribution

Table 2. Presenting complaints

Table3. Peripheral smears

Table 5 Hematological disorders Aspiration and Biposy

Discussion:

Table 6 showing the previous studies.

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA:

Megaloblastic anemia is 20.5 % in our study and these results are in comparison to the study by shilpa et al. However, the other studies such as Tilak et al and Khodke et al reported 68% and 44% of megaloblastic picture.

LUEKEMIAS:

As per Islam A and Frisch B et al: Bone marrow histology is often supplementary investigation in acute myeloid leukemia. However, when peripheral blood features are not diagnostic, and bone marrow aspiration is unsuccessful BMB is needed. Our study has similar outcome.

MYELOMA:

Bone marrow biopsy is recommended in multiple myeloma even if an adequate aspirate as a baseline to assess a post treatment response as per Smith Et AL. There were 4 cases (3.7%) of myelomas in our study two of them were diagnosed on biopsy where aspiration yielded a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy was done in all four cases.

METASTASIS:

In 2 known cases of multiple metastasis marrow examination was advised to evaluate refractory anemia, marrow biopsy revealed deposits. In our study out of 1.7 % cases of metastatic tumors, One case was SCC, another case was diagnosed to be Adenocarcinoma on biopsy. When compared with Nandu et al 2.8% and Toi et al 2.6% metastatic deposits respectively.

APLASTIC ANAEMIA:

APLASTIC ANEMIA:

Our study reported only 3.5% of aplastic anemia picture, whereas the other studies have reported more than 40% as shown in above table.

PERIPHERAL SMEAR BMA10X

Conclusion:

Peripheral Smear findings provide valuable information in planning for further investigations. BMA & BMB are valuable and usually complement each other. BMA smears are ideal for cytomorphology of hematopoietic cells. Nutritional anemias and hematological malignancies are readily diagnosed by BMA. BMB helpful to assess cell type, cellularity, extent and pattern of tumor infiltration. BMB can diagnose SLE, hypoplastic or aplastic anemias, myelofibrosis, lymphomatous infiltrations, myeloma and metastatic deposits.

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